Soy Protein Contents in Soybean Milk

Soy Protein Contents in Soybean Milk Soy is probably most well known for its protein content because soy has a high Protein Efficiency Ratio, which means that the amino acids that are contained in soy protein are made from a large percentage of essential amino acids. Essential amino acids are known as an amino acid that cannot be produced by our body but need be provided by the diet. Soybean milk is a milk substitute which is consists of soybean flour and water. Besides, it also used in some infant formulas and in making tofu. Soybean milk is a rich source of high-quality protein and vitamin B. Although soybean milk is not a rich source of calcium, the most of commercial soybean milk products are fortified with calcium. Soybean milk naturally contains isoflavones which are a plant chemicals that help lower LDL known as the bad cholesterol and it does not affect the good blood cholesterol, HDL. However, drinking too much soybean milk could possibly increase the risk of cancer because isoflavones are weak estrogens. There are many benefits to consuming the soybean milk in comparison to cow milk. First, soybean milk contains only vegetable protein which has the advantage that causes less loss of calcium through the kidneys and provides a lower risk for osteoporosis compare to the animal protein. In addition, soybean milk contains no lactose which is a better alternative to people who lose the ability to digest lactose, the carbohydrate found in cow milk this situation is known as lactose intolerance which causes stomach cramps, flatulence and diarrhoea. However, there are very fewer people are allergic to soybean milk only. Furthermore, the soy protein in soybean milk can reduce cholesterol. According to the FDA (Food and Drug Administration of US), they concluded that soy protein included in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of CHD by lowering blood cholesterol levels. Besides, The FDA recommends that consumers should have a daily diet ÂÂÂ ­with a total tha t at least 25 grams of soy protein each day. Besides, in the soybean milk does not contain hormones whereas in the cow milk that contains natural hormones and also synthetic hormones such as rBGH (recombinant bovine growth hormone) which used to increase milk production. LITERATURE REVIEW: Nowadays and in future, soybean must be an important foodstuff as the protein source and health foods, because it has been recognized that the soybean protein has an adequate amino acid pattern and that this foodstuff can reduce serum cholesterol levels according to the recent reports. Soy protein refers to the protein that is found in soybeans that are often used to replace animal proteins in an individuals diet. The soybean is a legume that contains no cholesterol and is low in saturated fat. Soy proteins can be divided into different categories according to their production method: soy protein isolate, soy protein concentrate and textured soy protein. Soy protein isolate is the soy protein with the highest content of protein. It is made from defatted soy meal by removing most of the fats and carbohydrates, yielding a product with approximately to 90 percent protein. Therefore, soy protein isolate has a very neutral flavour compared to other soy products. Due to the most of the carbohydrates are removed, the intake of soy protein isolate does not cause flatulence. Besides, soy protein isolate is also known as a complete vegetable protein. It contains all essential amino acids for growth and it is equal in quality to the protein in meat, milk and eggs. On the other hand, it has a very low-fat content. Soy protein isolate may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. There are also indications that soy protein can help in the prevention of osteoporosis, some cancers and menopausal symptoms. However, soy protein isolate may have fewer health benefits compare to the whole soybeans or soy protein concentrates. During the production of soy protein isolate the protein is washed with alcohol, and this cause removing most of the isoflavones. The isoflavones have many health benefits such as improving arterial vasodilatation, lowering cholesterol and inhibiting atherosclerosis. Soy protein concentrate is made by removing a portion of the carbohydrates (sugars) from dehulled and defatted soybeans. There are three different methods to produce soy protein concentrate: aqueous alcohol wash process, acid wash process and water wash process with heat denaturation. These methods will yield soy protein concentrate with similar composition: 70 percent protein, 20 percent carbohydrates, 6 percent ash and about 1 percent oil. The solubility of the protein can differ between the different extraction processes. One ton of defatted soybean flakes will give about 750 kg (75 percent yield) of soybean protein concentrate. Soy protein concentrate retains most of the fiber of the original soybean. Soy protein concentrate is widely used as a functional or nutritional ingredient in a wide variety of food products, mainly in baked foods, breakfast cereals and in some meat products. Soy protein concentrate is used in meat and poultry products to increase water and fat retention a nd to improve nutritional values (more protein, less fat). Textured soy protein is made from defatted soy flour that is compressed and processed into granules or chunks. During this process, the structure of the soy proteins changes in fibres. Most textured soy protein is produced from defatted soy flour, soy flakes or soy concentrates with an extrusion process. This extrusion technology can form a fibrous matrix which is almost similar than that of meat. AIM: Soybean milk is a rich source of proteins which are necessary for our body growth and survival. The objective of doing the topic of determination of soy protein content in the soybean milk is to determine the actual protein content in different types of soybean milk. This is because protein content in soybean milk may be lost or concentrated when undergoes in different processes. SHORT NOTE: In this topic, I will present an experiment to test and determine the soy protein in the soybean milk. There will get three types of soybean milk to test which are the homemade soybean milk, commercial soybean milk and sour soybean milk. First, I will extract the soy protein by using acid-wash process. In the first step, the water will remove from the soybean milk by oven heating and then washing the residue with water near the isoelectric point of pH 4-5 so the soluble sugars are removed from the matrix of proteins and polysaccharide. After acid-water washing, the remaining materials are adjusted to near neutrality and dried. In the next step, the Bradford assay is used to react with soy protein and using the spectrometer at the wavelength of 595nm to determine the absorbance. In the same time, a protein standard curve is required to determine and calculate the actual concentration of soy protein content in the soybean milk.

How It Affects Economic Growth Essay

In my opinion, supporting and promoting IT investment is one of the best ways to promote economic growth and stability with minimal side effects such as inflation, and easily overcome hurdles like unequal income distribution. While I don’t think you can really influence people’s personal ownership of computers, I do believe that offering tax incentives for IT investment and development will increase overall GDP, lower unemployment, and ensure an economically stable future. First and foremost, investment towards information technology increases productivity, and makes workers more efficient in what they do. With more resources such as faster word processing, 3D Model Rendering, and instantaneous transfer of data over the internet, laborers in every facet of the economy benefit from technology and enjoy greater productivity as a result. This increase in productivity means more products and services are produced with less time invested, and this means that Gross Domestic Product can go up. Furthermore, GDP is often defined as a function of both Capital and Labor. It is widely acknowledged that GDP growth can be measured by K/L, or Capital divided by Labor. Clearly, then, if each worker is using a higher value of capital (here in the form of fancier computers etc), then GDP is sure to go up. The concern then becomes, â€Å"what about inflation?† Surely, if GDP goes up, inflation will follow, no? Not quite. The accompanying graph gives us a rough idea of why. This increased efficiency will shift the Philips curve inward, meaning that for every unemployment rate, there is less inflation. More IT investment will mean that we will require more service technicians, troubleshooters, software programmers, etc, and we will see unemployment go down. Also, with more children learning about IT, they will also be more likely to get jobs when they grow up. When unemployment goes down, though, we typically see that there are less available â€Å"desperate† workers, and thus workers will have more power to bargain collectively. They will get wage increases, which will be passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices on final goods and services. This is offset by increased efficiency, as it takes less worker hours to make those products and services. As the Philips curve below shows us, the decrease in unemployment WOULD cause higher inflation, but because of increased efficiency, this change in inflation is offset. It is important to note the short run and long run effects of tax incentives on both the macro and micro levels. Here is a graph to get us started: We know that in the short run Demand shifts out as IT becomes more and more necessary. Supply shifts out because manufacturing costs go down, and thus existing firms will produce more at every price. These reductions to cost shift MC and ATC down; we don’t’ know how much each of these shifts is, though. We don’t know what P2 is, but we know that costs go down, so there is abnormal short term profit, and we know that each firm is going to produce more. In the long run, more firms will enter (shifting supply out further) until each player in the market is operating at their lowest cost on the ATC curve, which is the point where long run profits are equal to 0. We know that long run market quantity is greater because there are more firms in the industry, and we know that each firm produces in the long run what it did before all the shifts. Each firm is producing more in the short run than in the long run. Assuming that the government offers tax incentives to BOTH SUPPLIERS AND BUYERS of IT, we can expect to see the same demand shifts and supply shifts as we did in the 90s, when demand shifted out and the cost to produce came down. The tax rebates to suppliers means a reduction of cost (same as in the last example) and the tax rebates to buyers will make the price they have to pay lower, which will increase demand. One of the few drawbacks to the subsequent increased IT spending, of course, is the negative effect on the environment, as computers become obsolete quickly and are usually just thrown out. In my opinion, the environmental effect is definitely a huge drawback to increased IT investment. I believe that the government should give further incentives to companies who donate old or â€Å"B-stock† products to schools (preferably those in bad areas) or charities when they buy new ones . Donating these slightly flawed or last-year-model computers to schools would be an investment in human capital, which would increase GDP in future generations, as children become more tech savvy and productive with computers. Since the government is reducing the cost of production with tax incentives, I think they could get away by contrasting these incentives with slightly stricter environmental regulations as far as waste goes. They should set requirements on the packaging (which is created solely to be thrown out) that comes with IT goods, and should give even more incentives to companies that collect and recycle re-usable components such as circuit boards, plastic cases, and semiconductors – all components that are not biodegradable and are a large part of the junk filling our nation’s landfills. Another set of short and long term effects you must consider is the effect of tax incentives on those already involved in the market: IT workers. Again, we have a graph to help us visualize these effects. For this discussion, because of inflation, we must assume that we are talking in terms of real dollars, and that these wage prices are adjusted for inflation. In the 1980’s (short run), as IT became more important to industry, we see the demand curve for IT work shift outward, causing an increase in price and quantity as more qualified people started doing IT. In the long run, more competitors enter and the number of CS majors doubles; supply shifts outward, but we’re not sure by how much. We know that real wages go back down, but we don’t know if they are above, at, or below the original prices. We just know that they are decreasing, and that the overall quantity is much higher. The last major concern would be the â€Å"Digital Divide† – the concept that low income families do not use computers and thus are isolated from their potential benefits. This â€Å"digital divide† essentially means that poorer families have less access to the computer and tech skills to compete in the modern job industry, such as word processing and online research. They also have less access to online educational resources, and thus have less human capital. This means they are less likely to rise out of poverty, and are at a disadvantage. Those fortunate enough to be able to afford computers & internet access will get more educated and richer, and those who are not fortunate enough get poorer. I personally am against racial discrimination in all forms, and I think targeting out minorities and saying â€Å"here, you need a computer† is wrong. I do, believe, however, that there should be some sort of program to give less fortunate children of all ethnicities the IT skills and access to computers that they will need to function in the modern labor market. This is where my idea of offering tax incentives to companies that donate â€Å"last year model† computers to charities or schools in bad neighborhoods could really benefit these people and help them accumulate human capital. I think that offering tax incentives to people who put computers in their home will be too difficult to manage, and I also think that in many cases, people without the means to get a good job (no technical background) will not be able to afford a computer either way – thus, it’s a vicious cycle. Additionally, I think people who can’t afford $40/mo for DSL are in this predicament because they don’t have technical skills, and thus, probably don’t value technology as much as they should. They probably still won’t be interested in broadband. I think the president’s broadband initiative should focus more on getting faster internet and more technical training into schools, so that the next generation, who still has the desire and patience to learn about computers, can do so at an early age. Overall, you can see that there is a long list of benefits, and a short list of easily overcome problems with increased investment. In fact, even the Fed benefits. Normally, increased investment would make the Fed have to increase interest rates to prevent inflation and â€Å"cool off† the economy. IT is unique, however, in that it also provides greater efficiency, thus shifting the curve as discussed earlier. I would argue that it makes the Fed’s job easier – it’s promotes economic growth and employment, without jeopardizing economic stability. All in all, I say that giving tax incentives to producers and suppliers of IT goods and services is a great plan!

Roosevelt And Wilson Involvement For Progressivism

Progressives shared a lot of similar goals and objectives. They especially came in whenever the democratic reforms failed. For instance, where an accepted appeal can be voted into law, referendum which involved the review of the proposed laws or direct election of senators instead of using the normal method of legislation. Progressives always recorded success in pushing of reforms into laws. The explanation for this could be attributed to the high level of education that the progressives hard, consequently being more influential. The initiatives that they pushed became triumphant than the legislative docket (Piott, 2006; Smith, 2012). This paper seek to explore the programs that Roosevelt and Wilson initiated in a bid to advocate for progressivism. Progressivism was powerfully present after Theodore Roosevelt took on power from McKinley, following his assassination in 1901. Roosevelt became the first president to have a linking to the aspect progressivism. 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